科学发现的逻辑（波普尔）
简介
科学哲学的重要著作之一，以“可证伪性”等观点批判归纳主义，并讨论科学理论如何被检验与淘汰。
版权与收录状态
- 本书在多数法域仍可能处于版权保护期内，本站暂不提供全文（包括英文原文与中文译文）。
- 仍可先整理：概念索引（证伪/检验/理论负载）、论证结构与公开摘录（短引用）。
整理计划
- 后续补齐：与库恩对照的阅读路径、常见误读澄清与问题清单
德英文经典命题对照（The Logic of Scientific Discovery Key Passages）
Text: Karl R. Popper’s Logik der Forschung (The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1934/1959, Hutchinson & Co).
Falsifiability as the Criterion of Demarcation（可证伪性作为划界标准）
“I shall certainly admit a system as empirical or scientific only if it is capable of being tested by experience. These considerations suggest that not the verifiability but the falsifiability of a system is to be taken as a criterion of demarcation… It must be possible for an empirical scientific system to be refuted by experience.”
(Ein empirisch-wissenschaftliches System muss an der Erfahrung scheitern können.)
The Asymmetry of Verification and Falsification（证实与证伪的逻辑不对称性）
“No matter how many instances of white swans we may have observed, this does not justify the conclusion that all swans are white. But the single observation of one black swan logically refutes the universal generalization.”
Science as Bold Conjectures and Refutations（猜想与反驳）
“Science does not rest upon solid bedrock. The bold structure of its theories rises, as it were, above a swamp. It is like a building erected on piles. The piles are driven down from above into the swamp, but not down to any natural or ‘given’ base.”
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